As long as we limit ourselves to materials and technologies that would have been available to the ancient Egyptians, it is acceptable for us to use our knowledge to construct pulley systems to build our pyramid.Ĭopyright © 2004 Microsoft Corporation, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052-6399 USA. Well, we do not know about that, but we do know that human beings are very creative and resourceful when they want to be. Some people have wild theories about how the pyramids came to be - that perhaps aliens from another planet came to Earth and built them. A few people believe that the beautiful and massive pyramids could not possibly have been built using something as simple as simple machines. No one knows for sure if pulleys were one of the simple machines that ancient cultures used to build pyramids. Now, we are going to go deeper into our understanding of pulleys to see if we can use this knowledge to help make our work easier. We are well underway in learning about simple machines and building the ancient Egyptian pyramids that we have been hired as engineers to design and construct. Familiarity with the six simple machines introduced in Lesson 1 of this unit. Patterns of change can be used to make predictions. (Boundary: Technical terms, such as magnitude, velocity, momentum, and vector quantity, are not introduced at this level, but the concept that some quantities need both size and direction to be described is developed.) The patterns of an object's motion in various situations can be observed and measured when that past motion exhibits a regular pattern, future motion can be predicted from it. Make observations and/or measurements to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence for an explanation of a phenomenon or test a design solution.Īlignment agreement: Thanks for your feedback! Science findings are based on recognizing patterns. Make observations and/or measurements of an object's motion to provide evidence that a pattern can be used to predict future motion. (Boundary: Qualitative and conceptual, but not quantitative addition of forces are used at this level.)Īlignment agreement: Thanks for your feedback! Objects in contact exert forces on each other.Ĭause and effect relationships are routinely identified. Forces that do not sum to zero can cause changes in the object's speed or direction of motion. An object at rest typically has multiple forces acting on it, but they add to give zero net force on the object. Plan and conduct an investigation collaboratively to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence, using fair tests in which variables are controlled and the number of trials considered.Īlignment agreement: Thanks for your feedback! Science investigations use a variety of methods, tools, and techniques.Īlignment agreement: Thanks for your feedback!Įach force acts on one particular object and has both strength and a direction. This lesson focuses on the following Three Dimensional Learning aspects of NGSS: Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence of the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of an object.Ĭlick to view other curriculum aligned to this Performance Expectation Identify modern applications in which engineers use pulleys.Explain how pulleys could have been used by engineers in ancient times to do work.Using multiple pulleys in conjunction with motors and electronics, engineers create complex modern devices that perform much work for very little power.Īfter this lesson, students should be able to:
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They incorporate the mechanical advantage of pulleys into their design of many modern-day structures, machines, products and tools, such as cranes, elevators, flagpoles, zip lines, motors, bicycle rings/chains, clothes lines, water well bucket/rope, rock climbing devices, window blinds and sail/fishing boats. This engineering curriculum aligns to Next Generation Science Standards ( NGSS).Įngineers are experts at exploiting the advantages of simple machines in all sorts of real-world applications that benefit society. They also learn the many ways engineers use pulleys for everyday purposes. In a hands-on activity, they see how a pulley can change the direction of a force, the difference between fixed and movable pulleys, and the mechanical advantage gained with multiple / combined pulleys. Students perform a simple demonstration to see the mechanical advantage of using a pulley, and they identify modern day engineering applications of pulleys. They learn how a pulley can be used to change the direction of applied forces and move/lift extremely heavy objects, and the powerful mechanical advantages of using a multiple-pulley system. Students continue to explore the story of building a pyramid, learning about the simple machine called a pulley.